The Meaning and Origin of Morales

The Meaning and Origin of Morales Surnames can tell us a lot about our family and where they came from. In some languages, surnames reference families occupations or kinship with other families. Sometimes surnames can even point to the particular town or region of a country that a family hails from. Finding out what your name means and where it originates from can be a fun start to exploring your genealogy. You can start here with the name Morales which is a very common among Hispanic people. The common Hispanic Morales surname has several possible derivations: A topographical surname was given to someone who lived near a mulberry or blackberry bush, from mora,  meaning mulberry or blackberry. The es ending indicates a patronymic surname, so more specifically the name Morales means son of Moral, or son of someone who lived near a mulberry or blackberry tree.A name used to indicate someone from Morales, the name of several Spanish towns. While Morales is the 94th most common surname in the United States and the 16th most common Hispanic surname. The name originates from Spanish but is also common in Portuguese as well.   Alternate surname spellings of this common name are Moralez, Moral, Moreira, Mora, and Morais. Where Do People With the Morales Surname Live? According to WorldNames publicprofiler, individuals with the Morales surname are most commonly found living in Spain and Argentina. In Spain, the surname is most prevalent in the Canary Islands. In Argentina, the surname is most common in the Cuyo region. However, people with this surname can live anywhere in the world.   Famous People with the Surname Morales Erik Morales - professional American boxerEsai Morales - American TV and film starLeo Morales - holds the world record for  deep-diving  with a disabilityEvo Morales -  Bolivias first Indian president Genealogy Resources for the Surname Morales 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Morales Family DNA ProjectThe Morales Family Project currently has 38 members working together to find common heritage through sharing of genealogical information and DNA testing. Anyone with a variant spelling of the Morales surname is also welcome to join. Morales Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Morales surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Morales query. FamilySearch - MORALES GenealogyExplore over 3.4 million historical records and lineage-linked family trees for individuals with the Morales surname and its variations, including census records, vital records, military records, church records, and more. MORALES Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Morales surname. Search the archives  or post a question about your own Morales family research. DistantCousin.com - MORALES Genealogy Family HistoryExplore a variety of free databases and genealogy links for the last name Morales.

Chain Reaction Definition in Chemistry and Physics

Chain Reaction Definition in Chemistry and Physics In science, a chain reaction is a series of reactions where the products contribute to the reactants of another reaction without outside influence. The idea of chain reactions was introduced by German chemist Max Bodenstein in 1913 in reference to chemical reactions. Chain Reactions Examples A nuclear chain reaction is a fission reaction where the neutrons generated by the fission process go on and initiate fission in other atoms. The chemical reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to form water is another example of a chain reaction. In the reaction, one hydrogen atom is replaced by another as well as two OH radicals. The propagation of the reaction can lead to an explosion. Chain Reaction Steps A typical chain reaction follows a sequence of steps: Initiation: Active particles form that serve as the basis for the reaction.Propagation: Active particles react with each other and may serve as catalysts to perpetuate the cycle.Termination: The active particles lose their activity, slowing and ending the reaction.

Media Ethic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media Ethic - Essay Example A Free Press serves the nation successfully when it serves its family fairly.† (Babu and Shetty, 255) Though context of delivering the judgment was different, but role and ethical importance of the news media have reflected from his judgment. Role of ethics in journalism has become so important that media ethics has emerged as a new discipline of study in this field. Progress in the field of media ethics depends greatly over â€Å"responsible journalism’ as it aims at conveying â€Å"truth and enlightenment.† (Berry, 82) Media ethics has been provided with so much important these days as it has failed to comply with its integral relationship with social justice. The morality factor plays an important role in the development of media ethics and factors like ‘social and self-responsibilities, duties, rights, consequences, truth, trust, objectivity-subjectivity, public interest, representation and purpose’ are associated with it. In the book, Social Justice, Matthew Clayton, Andrew Williams have commented, â€Å"Issues of social justice, in the broadest sense, arise when decisions affect the distribution of benefits and burdens between different individuals or groups.† (Clayton, Williams, 1) The concept of social justice is essentially related with common people and issues related to the sense of justice. It is expected that all forms of media will attempt to heighten the aspect of justice from different perspectives. Looking into the current condition of news media it is widely regarded that it has declined to some extent from its actual role. There are several occasions, where news media has failed to comply with its role as voice of people. This is the main reason that ethics in case of news media is provided with special attention. Recently, the unequal distribution of power factor is becoming increasingly conspicuous in the society and on several occasions the news media has intentionally refused to pay attention to such factor. Judging from the

Women in management in the 21st centuary Term Paper

Women in management in the 21st centuary - Term Paper Example This is sensible in that these professionals have long been involved in assisting organizations and individuals manage and control deviation in a manner that permits individuals from all backgrounds to hear and be heard and work together efficiently. Diversity and inclusion has been focused on hiring, retaining and promoting women. Women have become a significant force in many nations across the globe. For countless organizations, diversity policies offer a competitive edge, as it allows them to benefit from all the prospective arising from the positive variations among the workers. It is significant to realize that gender plays a considerable role in elements of the business functioning process. Across the world, the number of women in management positions has increased considerably. However, many women have not attained the top positions of organizations and face numerous pressures, both external and internal, to the companies where they work. Traditionally, women were observed as physically and intellectually inferior to men and earlier writers had noted that these discernments have generated obstacles to women’s profession development and resulted to favoritism. It is not challenging for women to attain employment at the low levels of management in companies since the benchmarks for recruitment and advancement are impartial. However, it is still challenging for them to climb to top management positions where the selection benchmarks are biased. Studies indicate that women’s progress towards what has traditionally been referred as men’s careers is particularly minimal. Internationally, the perception of women as possessing less needed management attributes is common among many male management personnel. Percentage of women in Senior Management Positions in multi nationals and Government Agencies globally Women’s status is a primary pointer of social advancement. Sustaining equality between women and men is basic to heighten the nu mber of women in management levels in organizations. Over the past few years, women have attained a considerable portion of limelight in almost every sector and corner of the world. For instance, in the arts, more women directors were capable of getting their work into the cinemas, theatres and televisions. In politics, a high number of women won elections, for instance, South Korea swore in its first female president. According to the Grant Thorton International Business Report (2013), almost 21 nations across the world have women as the head of state or the government and the number of women in parliament totaled to 21percent. In the corporate world, numerous women have led multinational corporations, for instance, Marissa Mayer broke the ground when she took over the leadership of Yahoo when almost six months pregnant. The discussion continues as to whether women will ever attain equality with men in the workforce. Although the past four decades have witnessed a gigantic generati onal transformation, with more women inflowing the labor force across the world, a lot requires to be done to progress women to top management positions. In 2012, women in United States constituted over 30 percent of the entire work force. However, they occupy only 14 percent of the top management positions of the Fortune 500 companies and merely 8 percent of executive officer top earner ranks. Among the FTSE 100, women only held 16% of the board positions and 7 percent of the executive positions in 2012. On the other hand, the number of women in board positions was half of the number in United States (Grant

Obesity in African American Culture Essay Example for Free

Obesity in African American Culture Essay ?Obesity has more that just a physical effect on the body. Obesity also greatly affects the mental and emotional part of the body as well. Although you cannot directly correlate metal and emotional health to obesity, you can see that its effects do in fact play a role in the mental and emotional health of an obese person. While the effects of obesity do indeed reach out to all races, it is easy to see that mental and emotional problems from obesity in the African American culture are present in the culture. Depression, anxiety, and discrimination, are all results that are caused by obesity in the African American community. Many people are familiar with depression, whether it be a friend or family member that went through it or that they themselves went though it. â€Å"Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can have a negative effect on a persons thoughts, behavior, feelings, world view and physical well-being† (Salmans 1997). African American obesity has a close tie with depression in African American people. When people are self-conscious about their weight they may think that people look down on them for this. This would cause them to think less of themselves or believe that others are better then them. In turn it can cause the obese African American to have a bad view of themselves, other people, and the world in general. This is exactly what depression is. You can see that depression can be caused by obesity in the African American culture. Anxiety is another emotional distress many people are familiar with. Anxiety is know as, â€Å"the displeasing feeling of fear and concern† (Davison 2008). Many people have felt the effects of anxiety in their own lives, whether it is before an important test, a speech in front of many people, or the big gam; many people feel anxiety. Looking only at anxiety caused by obesity in African American people is a different situation. Anxiety or nervousness before a big event is common and in many ways healthy because it motivates us to do the very best we can. Anxiety in African Americans because of obesity is not healthy; in fact it can be dangerous and destructive. By feeling displeased and concerned about their weight African Americans can struggle all through out life to over come these feelings. It could limit their goals and overall make them settle for less then they really can do. Anxiety do to obesity in the African American community is not a healthy and can severely constrain someone’s life. Discrimination in the African American community has always been a problem through out history. Slavery is a very obvious product of discrimination. Taking a more specific look at discrimination of the African American community because of obesity is a different situation. When people discriminate African Americans because of their weight it seriously prohibits their chances of succeeding in life. It could be in the work place or at school. By placing these barriers we are limiting the ability of the African American community and hurting their chances of having a successful and meaningful life. These mental and emotional effects of obesity in the African American community are unfair and wrong. People should not be judged on their weight. Davison, Gerald C. (2008). Abnormal Psychology. Toronto: Veronica Visentin. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-470-84072-6. Salmans, Sandra (1997). Depression: Questions You Have – Answers You Need. Peoples Medical Society. ISBN 978-1-882606-14-6.

Comparing Story Openings of Bleak House by Charles Dickens to The Outsi

At the opening of the story 'The Outsider', the writer Albert Camus places time in the wrong order. This creates the impression that we are seeing into the character's thoughts rather than a story being told to us. It works very effectively as the paragraphs are spontaneous and not in any form of order, thus creating a mental picture in our heads of one or two day?s worth of events, as if we were remembering them ourselves. This, however, does not apply to Bleak house. Dickens does not use any form of time, but instead decides to describe what is happening and makes the days, time, week or month irrelevant. It could be any day, but Dickens does not want time to be the focal point of his story. This is effective because our interest is drawn to the descriptions and happenings of the city. Surprisingly, both story start with short, improperly composed sentences, most of the time with little or no verbs. This works differently for each story. In ?The Outsider?, the short, blunt sentences arouse interest that forces you to continue reading, this is because the ?thoughts? of the character are rather cold and blunt about a situation that should be upsetting, for example ?Mother died today. Or, maybe, yesterday?, as the opening paragraph. The punctuation break up the sentence into emphasized words. Camus directs us to feel slightly disturbed by his descriptions of the events taken place and puts us in the position of psychologist, eager to hear what comes next, but wary of it also. In ?Bleak House? the short, improper sentences create a very descriptive picture of a cold, dark city, the blunt words mimicking the blunt feelings and people in the city. This is very effective as he uses the same words over again to emphasize the poin... ...he Chancellor and Chancery both being the cause and the centre of the fog, paralleling the weather with the situation. Fog is not a good thing in the court of Chancery and the narrator describes the Chancery as having a dark and unclear vision. They are not good at their jobs and the narrator calls the old Chancellor as being ?leaden-headed? or ?stupid? to emphasizing his views on that particular character. Both story openings, although composed differently, draw the reader in. Both author?s, Albert Camus and Charles Dickens, use a variety of techniques, which are all very effective when the author uses them to his will. Either way we get a clear and pointed view of the spot-lit aspects that the author wants us to focus on, and maybe sometime miss the subtle, important information between the lines that are not the centre of attention at that moment in the story.

Audience Analysis Memo Essay

Per the week one assignment, I have reviewed and compared two Websites offering information on the same subject. My chosen subject is kidney disease and hemodialysis and the source Websites are: The National Kidney Foundation (http://www.kidney.org) and The Merck Manual-Professional (http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional). When reviewing the National Kidney Foundation site, I initially had difficulty determining who the intended audience actually was. You can’t help but notice, a significant goal of the page is to generate donations. The donations tab is highlighted with a blue border against an orange background. The information tabs are simply white print against the same orange background. That being said, there is also well prepared information regarding kidney disease and hemodialysis intended for the general public. The Website provides information regarding diagnosis, treatments and lifestyle changes. It appears, the primary purpose of the National Kidney Foundation Website is education and the secondary purpose is soliciting donations. The Merck Manual Professional site, appears to target healthcare professionals with a secondary audience of students in the medical and/or nursing fields. The National Kidney Foundation Website is very appealing with pictures, videos and banners. Two banner items that caught my eye were â€Å"the initial shock of the dialysis diet† followed by a chicken fajita recipe. It further incorporates information about coping with the diagnosis and treatment plan. The Merck Manual website is stark in comparison as it incorporates muted colors of gray, blue and green. The Merck Manual presents only related facts and treatment modalities. Advertising on each page is limited. The National Kidney Foundation’s Website advertisements are geared to generate donations, whereas, the advertisements on the Merck Manual site, offer additional ways to receive the Merck Manual information. Each site provides icons intended to provide the user with the option to share the Websites  with many of the social media networks. The Merck Manual Website is intended for information and education. The National Kidney Foundation site provides education in addition to soliciting donations. The National Kidney Foundation information is provided in a question and answer format with one or two sentence simple answers provided. The Merck Manual site utilizes headers with information ranging between one to three paragraphs. Links available on the National Kidney Foundation Website keep the reader on the site and frequently take them back to the donation page. The Website provides a section for â€Å"Professional† users, however, the majority of the area is again written for the general public. One area reviewed provides an â€Å"Education and Research† option that takes the professional reader to more technical writing sources contained within the National Kidney Foundation Website. The Merck Manual links allow the reader to visit other Websites for additional subject information. The National Kidney Foundation Website offers additional educational opportunities via Webinars and seminars. No such offerings were noted on the Merck Manual site. The Merck Manual is written with the professional audience in mind. The information is technical and clinical in its presentation. Whereas, the National Kidney Foundation Website, refers to the site visitor on multiple occasions as â€Å"family†. Visitors are encouraged to â€Å"join our family† and â€Å"be a part of the National Kidney Foundation family† with prom ises of â€Å"we will be there for you†. The information provided in a well written conversational form and would be easily understood by the nonprofessional general public wanting additional information about kidney disease and support services available. Newly diagnosed patients visiting the National Kidney Foundation Website would be provided with an additional source of information. In addition to the general diagnosis and treatment information provided, the Website offers encouragement and support to those effected by kidney disease. Patients, families and friends can find support information. The Merck Manual is intended to be used as a source of information and education for the healthcare professional and/or student. It represents a good source of information for research and/or bedside practice. Although both sites provide information on Kidney Disease and Hemodialysis, the content is presented in completely different ways. The National Kidney Foundation is written for the general public who may be effected by kidney disease. The  Merck Manual in professional in appearance and content. In conclusion, I feel each site is well developed for their intended audience and purpose. The National Kidney Foundation Website is easy to use and provides the reader with basic information regarding the diagnosis, treatment and necessary lifestyle changes. The Website offers support services and the opp  ortunity to donate if the reader so desires. The Merck Manual Website is intent is to provide educational information to the medical professional and students in the medical field.

Unit 1 Business Enviroment

Describe how John Lewis would be influenced by economic factors in a time of economic recession and economic growth in the UK economy The two economic environments that I would be describing about are recession and growth on the business activities of John Lewis. Growth occurs when more goods are being produced and consumed, and also incomes are rising. During growth people spend more money on goods and services as they have more money to spend and also businesses would invest more and hire more labour as it links to increasing demand.Recession however occurs when people involved in business become more cautious so they cut their spending down and also cut back on their orders as well as making workers unemployed or redundant. Growth affects the business activities for John Lewis because just as economy can change for a business so can demand for products and both could be associated with each other. During periods of growth you expect to see a fairly high demand for John Lewisâ€⠄¢ good quality products so customers and potential customers would buy as during this time customers behaviours over money is more care free compared to when its in a period of recession.Mostly you could see John Lewis looking into recruiting more workers as since demand can increase a lot during the growth environment they’ll need more workers to spread out the job load for the employees otherwise if the business didn’t and just overloaded a employee with workload it could de-motivate that worker a lot it would contradict with the theory of Frederick Herzberg about the 5 factors to bring the potential to satisfy in a worker and the other 5 factors to motivate a worker after the you fulfil the factors that bring the potential to satisfy first.Or John Lewis could get the employees internally through transferring existing employees from other John Lewis branches of which are not at a so busy period as some other branches. Since customers and potential customers become m ore care free on how they spend their money, this is the period within the economy where you’re mostly likely to see customer switching back to their normal spending traits and return to spending money happily on good quality products, so demand in substitute products would decrease around this period.This will benefit John Lewis as sales for the good quality products would be increasing which furthermore could lead to John Lewis recovering from their losses if they were in one and go into break even or begin to start getting profits. John Lewis would buy more stock from its suppliers at this period of the economic environment as when demand increases you must get more supply to meet that demand.Also John Lewis at the time since they buy in bulk from their suppliers they can benefit from getting more stock at a good price that gives good value for money, as usually suppliers would offer you extra amounts of stock if you buy in large quantities.During this period of time inter est rates would be low compared to in recession because there isn’t as much financial institutions to try get as much finance as they can from small amounts of borrowings from their company in this period as customers, business etc intend to borrow more money in this period of time as they are fairly financially stable, so to encourage the businesses and customers to begin taking sources of finance they lower the rates. So John Lewis is more likely to start borrowing sources of finance if needed then in the period of growth.Recession affects the business activities for John Lewis because in recessions it causes a drop within demand for most good quality products potential customers and customers use to buy before. As during this period of time customer’s behaviours change to usually only spending on good quality products for what they essentially need but nevertheless if it was a want customers usually look for a substitute product that still meets the needs and purpos e of a particular product but is just found at a cheaper price because of the type of brand it is etc.As usually this is when we see customers taking more care of their money and become more cautious on what they spend their money on. When customers change their behaviour in spending it would affect also John Lewis as since it’s concentrated solely on selling good quality products at high prices they would suffer from a reduced amount of income coming into the business at times of recession. Therefore businesses would usually cover their losses and begin unemploying workers at the business so it reduces businesses costs in the long term.As a result John Lewis may start encountering losses during this period of economic recession as most of the products they sell are high quality products which are sold at its reasonable valued price so the price may still be high for most existing customers at the time, therefore sales in these products would reduce. The methods John Lewis wo uld try to recover from the losses in the short term would be to begin unemploying workers and making other employees redundant.However, in recession John Lewis would have a drawback of not benefiting at all from their suppliers as since demand is falling they would buy smaller quantities of stock so you will no longer benefit from getting extra stock as you didn’t buy in bulk, so value for money decreases and also you will still be charged for full price deliveries etc as you have to pay for their transport, and the amount you pay is determined by how much they have to travel.In recessions we see interest rates intend to be high as financial institutions would like to benefit as much as they can from small amounts of finance borrowed therefore it can help the economy get out this economic environment quicker. M2 – Compare the challenges faced by John Lewis in the periods of growth and recession Challenges faced by John Lewis in economic period of growth are maintainin g a high performance team, managing cash flow and knowing when to say no to the right or wrong opportunities.Managing cash flow is a challenge for John Lewis because when they enter the period of growth they must manage their cash inflows and outflows on a daily basis and avoid getting too engaged in the change of economic environment. Maintaining a high performance team is a challenge faced by John Lewis because they must first make sure they are hiring the right talented people for the job as well to train the employees to the degree of what high performance means for John Lewis. This is very time consuming and costs a lot of money.Knowing when to say no to the right or wrong opportunities is a challenge for John Lewis because good opportunities will strengthen things about John Lewis and will end in a convincing value plan. Whereas bad opportunities will do the opposite to John Lewis and bring their business reputation down and will bring problems to the business. So overall, kno wing when to say could determine the business’ future and is very time consuming as you must think thoroughly about the decisions the business as a whole is going to make.John Lewis faced challenges in the recession in our economic environments of which are increased unemployment, economic uncertainty and the engagement of employees. Increased unemployment is a big challenge for the recruiting department of John Lewis because as unemployment is rising so are the number of applicants looking for jobs therefore the recruitment department would need to work even harder to make sure the select the right talented worker as well go through all the application. This is time consuming and costs the business money.Economic uncertainty is a challenge for John Lewis because since government spending is reducing, debt crisis and looming threat of recession are occurring; John Lewis can’t manage to keep reducing their costs forever so they direct their new attention into growth and expansion in order to find a method to get out of the period of recession. Engagement of employees to John Lewis because during difficult economic periods their employees must be supported well and efficiently so labour productivity can stay at a fairly stable level to keep the business running properly.So overall challenges faced in recession are tougher than challenges in growth for John Lewis because more money tends to goes out of the business rather than in as during the recession they have to pay redundancy, deal with loads of applications for jobs, pay the usual business running costs as well as lower prices for their products and services customers are more cautious over their spending. Whereas during the growth period money coming into the business and out can seem to break even or you will get more money coming in then out.This is because during growth customers’ behavior over spending tends to be more carefree and also John Lewis won’t have to keep their lo wered prices like in recession because they could still manage to sell their products and services at a higher cost. Also in growth since demand is likely to be higher, business costs for stock and materials will be better value for money than to recession as you don’t buy in bulk as much during recession periods unless the product or service is a substitute to expensive versions of the product or service. So John Lewis could benefit more from their suppliers during growth periods.

Essay Sample on the Egoistic Part of the Altruistic Whole

Essay Sample on the Egoistic Part of the Altruistic Whole The internal condition of every person is strongly influenced by the environment he/she lives in. People, events, customs, beliefs are the important factors that formulate our essence. In the modern world life is usually perceived as a battle, where everyone stands for himself, each one is individualistic, separated from another. Thus, its not surprising that we can recognize the flourishing of egoism, a feature, which is generated by this separation. On the one hand, being individualistic is quite important and even necessary. This lets a person keep ones head above water and get a steady position in life. Seeking maximum personal benefit is not so terrible, if consider that this is a primary goal of everyone, rooted deeply in history. Very often to achieve the necessary result a person must be exactly egoistic, because those around are the same and in such circumstances the best defense is attack. Besides, being self-centered does not only mean doing harm to others to achieve best for oneself. It implies strong persistence, decisiveness, and courage, seemingly, positive features. The point is how to use them and what are the fruits of such a policy? Of course, satisfaction and pride, but is there a place for self-fulfillment and self-respect? What do I want to feel afterwards and how do I want to look like? – is the question that should be asked. Many try to avoid thoughts about their act being unethical or unfair toward someone. People justify themselves with the idea that others would do the same and not care a bit, so why not doing this too? Unfortunately, this is the main pitfall, which makes us all alike. Very often we do not care about others, because think that others do not care about us – a vicious circle, created by humans. No one wants to be ignored or harmed, no one wants to hear inflicting words or be used and then thrown away. The proverb The end justifies the means is not always useful, especially, if these means bring negative consequences. Being altruistic today is difficult, but still possible. People should not forget that they live in a community, where everyone is connected, dependent on and influenced by each others decisions and deeds. A society is like a swarm of bees: every member must make his own little, but very important contribution in order for all to survive – help others to help oneself. There is one great sentence in the Bible that sounds very simply, but has a deep and beautiful nature: Treat others as you would like to be treated. The best way is to make this phrase a golden rule of ones life. I believe that every person has a positive soul, altruistic by its nature, able and willing to do a good, to bring light and joy into the world. The other part of this soul, the egoistic one, is a reflection of the environment we live in, people we see around, beliefs and attitudes. I am sure it is possible to combine altruism and egoism, so that they create one strong and fruitful whole, which allows pursuing own targets while not forgetting about the existence of other members of a society, who also have needs, wants and concerns, the whole which allows us to feel Humans. If you need custom essays, research papers, term papers, thesis, dissertation on Sociology, Psychology or other discipline feel free to contact our professional custom writing service.

How the 1947 Truman Doctrine Contained Communism

How the 1947 Truman Doctrine Contained Communism When President Harry S. Truman issued what came to be known as the Truman Doctrine in March 1947, he was outlining the basic foreign policy that the United States would use against the Soviet Union and Communism for the next 44 years. The doctrine, which had both economic and military elements, pledged support for countries attempting to hold back Soviet-style revolutionary Communism. It symbolized the United States post-World War II global leadership role. Countering Communism in Greece Truman formulated the doctrine in response to the Greek Civil War, which itself was an extension of World War II. German troops had occupied Greece since April 1941, but as the war progressed, Communist insurgents known as the National Liberation Front (or EAM/ELAS) challenged Nazi control. In October 1944, with Germany losing the war on both the western and eastern fronts, Nazi troops abandoned Greece. Soviet General Secretary Josef Stalin supported the EAM/LEAM, but he ordered them to stand down and let British troops take over Greek occupation to avoid irritating his British and American wartime allies. World War II had destroyed Greeces economy and infrastructure and created a political vacuum that Communists sought to fill. By late 1946, EAM/ELAM fighters, now backed by Yugoslav Communist leader Josip Broz Tito (who was no Stalinist puppet), forced war-weary England to commit as many as 40,000 troops to Greece to ensure it did not fall to Communism. Great Britain, however, was also financially strapped from World War II, and on February 21, 1947, it informed the United States that it was no longer able to financially sustain its operations in Greece. If the United States wanted to halt the spread of Communism into Greece, it would have to do so itself. Containment Halting the spread of Communism had, in fact, become the United States basic foreign policy. In 1946, American diplomat George Kennan, who was minister-counselor and chargà © daffaires at the American Embassy in Moscow, suggested that the United States could hold Communism at its 1945 boundaries with what he described as a patient and long-term containment of the Soviet system. While Kennan would later disagree with some elements of American implementation of his theory (such as involvement in Vietnam), containment became the basis of American foreign policy with Communist nations for the next four decades. The Doctrine to Stop Communism On March 12, Truman unveiled the Truman Doctrine in an address to the United States Congress. It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressure, Truman said. He asked Congress for $400 million in aid for Greek anti-communist forces, as well as for the defense of Turkey, which the Soviet Union was pressuring to allow joint control of the Dardanelles. In April 1948, Congress passed the Economic Cooperation Act, better known as the Marshall Plan. The plan was the economic arm of the Truman Doctrine. Named for Secretary of State George C. Marshall (who had been United States Army chief of staff during the war), the plan offered money to war-torn areas for the rebuilding of cities and their infrastructures. American policy-makers recognized that, without quick rebuilding of war damage, countries across Europe were likely to  turn to Communism.

Art and Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Art and Revolution - Essay Example Racism is obviously the key theme to the story since in Richard wright’s life, it is the central theme. In the 1900s the black community is disrespected and suffers at the hands of its white counterpart. Richard does not see any difference between whites and blacks when he is young but his view in life and particularly in relation to the subject above changes as he grows up (Wright 38). At the time of the death of his friend’s brother and his uncle Hoskins his eyes are opened to the truth. The white people being the ones behind this tragedy that engulfs him, makes him yearn for freedom from racism. Hand in hand with racism is the violence around. This is extreme in the southern states where violence is the order of the day. In as much as Richard looks for comfort from his own people when the whites are suppressing them the opposite is what he gets. He is often beaten by his relatives and family members. This experience together with encouragement from his mother forces him to fight against those who attack and suppress him thus becoming violent himself. He gets into fights in school with the hope and expectation that this will attain the respect and freedom he wants from his peers. It doesn’t stop there because at some point he threatens his aunt Addie and his uncle with razor blades. This is a show that he is desperate and hungry for freedom from violence and even if it means him turning into a violent guy, he is ready to play that card (Wright 58). He is always fighting against someone to be himself, express himself and even better himself in case there is a greater challenge the next day. Richard fights and claws his way through everything in life all in an attempt to accomplish the goals that everyone deemed pointless. The other point clearly coming out in our emphasis that there was a hunger for freedom is the issue on oppression. Oppression occurs between couples of different groups of people throughout the novel. The main being the o ppression of the white community over the black community in terms of availed opportunities, preference and outright hatred just but to the mention a few. As we scrutinize this point we should be careful to not forget that oppression is also evident within the black community itself. Be it in the family setting where it is either the father against the children, a husband against a wife or a brother against a sister. Richard is ridiculed and discriminated against for his intellectualism and desire to write by his neighbors, classmates and even his own family members. The people who should have your back at each and every point pulling you down (Wright 74). One word to describe this, very demoralizing. It is not just the white people that hold black people back but the ones oppressed try and hold back those who want and yearn for a better life. Maldoror and the Complete Works of the Comte De Lautreamont The career of Ducasse is a posthumous one since it is chronically complicated by the interpretation of Lautreamont and Malodor which is a mystery and an enigma. He is born in the month of April 1846. His father being well-to-do and he even goes on to become a chancellor but little is known about his mother (Lautreamont 19). The book is first printed in 1868 under the title les chants de Malodor but the next year, the complete Malodor is printed and bound in Belgium where the author is identified as Comte de Lautreamont. This is because of the fear of

Fair and Equitable Treatment on Foreign Investment and its Effects Essay - 1

Fair and Equitable Treatment on Foreign Investment and its Effects - Essay Example xposes the claimant to sectional or racial prejudice, or involves a leak of due process†.7 However, the jurisprudential doctrine of understanding the international law minimum standard has also been developed under international investment agreements.8 Essentially, there have been two views surrounding the understanding of the minimum standard of treatment, wherein breaches lead to violations of the FET standard. Firstly, the traditional view, understands the customary international law minimum standard as was reflected in the Neer case in the 1920s.9 For instance, in Alex Genin v Estonia,10 where the respond authorities revoked the claimant’s bank licence, the tribunal illustrated the conducts that would violate the minimum standard; they concluded that they â€Å"would include acts showing a wilful neglect of duty, an insufficiency of action falling far below international standards, or even subjective bad faith†.11 Thus, it appears clear that the tribunal deals with the traditional view because it believes that the FET standard would be breached in case State acts in bad faith. Secondly, the evolutionary view, considers that the customary international law minimum standard has been evolved since the Neer case. For example, in Azurix case,12 after analysing some awards inside and outside NAFTA the tribunal believed that the minimum requirement to satisfy the FET standard has evolved, and held that â€Å"such intention and bad faith can aggravate the situation but are not an essential element of the standard. It is also understood that the conduct of the State has to be below international standards but those are not at the level of 1927s†.13 Furthermore, in the Railroad case,14 the tribunal also discussed the evolution of the minimum standard and adopted the conclusion that â€Å"the minimum standard of treatment is constantly in a process of development including since Neer’s formulation†.15 Therefore, after examining the ways of interpreting the FET standard, it is logical to say that the controversy between the equating and plain meaning approaches is constantly reviewed in most cases. This, without a doubt, appears in many arbitral awards both within and outside NAFTA, because tribunals are quite reluctant to resolve this controversy.16 In addition, investors almost adopt an expensive view, as in the case of the Pope & Talbot case, while host States seek to support the NAFTA FTC approach of interpreting FET. However, it seems that none of the advanced approaches are able to provide persuasive reasons for their construction of FET, due to the fact that â€Å"this controversy is misguided, and the dichotomy presented by